IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)

In-Vito Fertilization can be easily explained as a “TEST TUBE BABY”, where the egg of a woman simultaneously the sperm for her male partner is removed and allowed to fertilize in the lab.
As the fertilization occurs the zygote (fertilized egg cell) is kept for 2-3 days and after that, the embryo (divided zygote into a number of cells) is directly implanted in the mother’s womb in order to conceive the baby.

Why is IVF used?

IVF can be used to treat infertility in the following patients:

Blocked or damaged fallopian tubes
Male factor infertility including decreased sperm count or sperm motility
Women with ovulation disorders, premature ovarian failure, uterine fibroids
Women who have had their fallopian tubes removed
Individuals with a genetic disorder
Unexplained infertility

What is involved with in vitro fertilization?

There are five basic steps in the IVF and embryo transfer process:

Step 1

Fertility medications are prescribed to stimulate egg production. Multiple eggs are desired because some eggs will not develop or fertilize after retrieval. A transvaginal ultrasound is used to examine the ovaries, and blood test samples are taken to check hormone levels.

Step 2

Eggs are retrieved through a minor surgical procedure that uses ultrasound imaging to guide a hollow needle through the pelvic cavity to remove the eggs. Medication is provided to reduce and remove potential discomfort.

Step 3

The male is asked to produce a sample of sperm, which is prepared for combining with the eggs.

Step 4

In a process called insemination, the sperm and eggs are mixed together and stored in a laboratory dish to encourage fertilization. In some cases where there is a lower probability of fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may be used. Through this procedure, a single sperm is injected directly into the egg in an attempt to achieve fertilization. The eggs are monitored to confirm that fertilization and cell division are taking place. Once this occurs, the fertilized eggs are considered embryos.

Step 5

The embryos are usually transferred into the woman’s uterus three to five days following egg retrieval and fertilization. A catheter or small tube is inserted into the uterus to transfer the embryos. This procedure is painless for most women, although some may experience mild cramping. If the procedure is successful, implantation typically occurs around six to ten days following egg retrieval.

What are the risks associated with in vitro fertilization?

As with most medical procedures, there are potential risks. More severe symptoms, typically from OHSS, include the following:

Nausea or vomiting.
Decreased urinary frequency.
Shortness of breath.
Faintness
Severe stomach pains and bloating.
Ten-pound weight gain within three to five days.
If you experience any of these symptoms above, contact your doctor right away.